In the early 1980s, some of its militants decided to found a new organization. Īs a consequence of this confrontation, the FLN lost its operational capacity. In February 1974, a confrontation took place in San Miguel Nepantla, State of Mexico, between a unit of the Mexican Army, under the command of Mario Arturo Acosta Chaparro, and members of the FLN, some of whom died during combat, reported having been tortured. According to Mario Arturo Acosta Chaparro, in his report Subversive movements in Mexico, "they had established their areas of operations in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, Tabasco, Nuevo León and Chiapas." The FLN were founded on August 6, 1969, by César Germán Yáñez Muñoz, in Monterrey, Nuevo León. One of these organizations, was known as the National Liberation Forces (FLN). The situation led many young people to consider the legal channels of political participation closed and to bet on the formation of clandestine armed organizations to seek the overthrow of a regime that from their point of view was authoritarian, and thus improve the living conditions of the population. The EZLN emerged during the government of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which at the time had ruled Mexico for more than sixty years, in a dominant-party system. The Chiapas region has been the scene of a succession of uprisings, including the "Caste War" or "Chamula Rebellion" (1867–1870) and the "Pajarito War" (1911). Military and organizational matters are decided by the Zapatista area elders who compose the General Command (Revolutionary Indigenous Clandestine Committee – General Command, or CCRI-CG). Political decisions are deliberated and decided in community assemblies. The pseudonymous Subcomandante Marcos is widely considered its leader despite his claims that the group has no single leader. The Zapatistas describe themselves as a decentralized organization. Since their 1994 uprising was countered by the Mexican Armed Forces, the EZLN has abstained from military offensives and adopted a new strategy that attempts to garner Mexican and international support. The EZLN aligns itself with the wider alter-globalization, anti-neoliberal social movement, seeking indigenous control over local resources, especially land. The group takes its name from Emiliano Zapata, the agrarian revolutionary and commander of the Liberation Army of the South during the Mexican Revolution, and sees itself as his ideological heir.ĮZLN's ideology has been characterized as libertarian socialist, anarchist, or Marxist, and having roots in liberation theology although the Zapatistas have rejected and defied political classification. Unlike other Zapatista spokespeople, Marcos is not an indigenous Maya. Compañero Galeano and Delegate Zero in relation to " the Other Campaign"). The EZLN's main spokesperson is Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano, previously known as Subcomandante Marcos (a.k.a. The Zapatistas' main body is made up of mostly rural indigenous people, but it includes some supporters in urban areas and internationally. The EZLN used a strategy of civil resistance. Since 1994, the group has been nominally at war with the Mexican state (although it may be described at this point as a frozen conflict). The Zapatista Army of National Liberation ( Spanish: Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas (Mexican Spanish pronunciation: ), is a far-left political and militant group that controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
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